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ThinkPad 310 Contents

Read This First

Read This First

Before you go to the checkout guide, be sure to read this section.

Important Notes Only certified trained personnel should service the computer. Read FRU service procedures before replacing any FRUs. Be extremely careful during write operations such as copy, saving or formatting. Drives in the computer that you are servicing might have been rearranged or the drive startup sequence might have been altered. If you select an incorrect drive, data or programs can be written over. Replace FRUs only for the correct model. When you replace the FRU, make sure the model of the machine and FRU part number are correct by referring to the part list. FRUs should not be replaced because of a single, un-reproducible failure. Single failures can occur from a variety of reasons that have nothing to do with a hardware defect such as: cosmic radiation, electrostatic discharge, or software errors. FRU replacement should be considered only when a recurring problem exists. If this is suspected, clear the error log and run the test again. Do not replace any FRUs if log errors do not reappear. Be careful not to replace a non-defective FRU.

How to Use Error Messages: Use the error codes displayed on the screen to diagnose failures. If more than one error code is displayed, begin the diagnosis with the first error code. The cause of the first error code can result in false error codes being displayed.

How to Diagnose Multiple FRUs: If the adapter or device has more than one FRU, the error code could be caused by either FRU. Before replacing multiple FRUs, try removing or exchanging each FRU, one by one in the designated sequence, to see if the symptoms change.

What to Do First: The servicer must include the following in the parts exchange form or part return form that is attached to the returned FRU:

___1. Name and phone number of servicer.

___2. Date of service.

___3. Date when part failed.

___4. Date of purchase.

___5. Failure symptoms, error codes appearing on display, and beep symptoms.

___6. Procedure index and page number in which failing FRU was detected.

___7. Failing FRU name and part number.

___8. Machine type, model number, and serial number.

___9. Customer's name and address.

Before checking problems with the computer, determine whether or not the damage applies to the warranty by referring to the following:

Note for Warranty: During the warranty period, the customer may be responsible for repair costs if the computer damage was caused by misuse, accident, modification, unsuitable physical or operating environment, or improper maintenance by the customer. The following list provides some common items that are not covered under warranty and some symptoms that may indicate the system was subjected to stresses beyond normal use:

The following is not covered under warranty: LCD panel cracked by applying excessive force or by being dropped. Scratched (cosmetic) parts. Cracked or broken plastic parts, broken latches, broken pins, or broken connectors caused by excessive force. Damage caused by liquid spilled into the system. Damage caused by improperly inserting a PCMCIA card or installation of an incompatible card. Diskette drive damage caused by pressing the diskette drive cover or inserting diskettes with multiple labels. Damaged or bent diskette eject button. CD-ROM drive damage caused by excessive force, shock, or by being dropped. Fuses blown by attaching a nonsupported device. Forgotten computer password (making computer unusable.)

If the following symptoms are present, they may indicate damage caused by non-warranted activity: Missing parts may be a symptom of unauthorized service or modification. HDD spindles can become noisy if subjected to excessive force or by being dropped.

How to Disable the Power-On Password:
To clear a password from the system, first identify the system password switch by referring to "Switch Location" on page 71, then follow these steps. 1. Power-off the computer.

2. Unplug the AC Adapter and remove the main battery.

3. Remove the keyboard by referring to "Keyboard" on page and the thermal plate by referring to " Thermal Plate" on page .

4. Move the switch from Enable to Disable to bypass the password.

There is one microswitch used to disable the password. After removing the thermal plate, locate SW2 (a 4-bit switch) near the lower-left corner of the CPU socket. The second bit switch (counting from the lowest side) is the password enable/disable switch. Turning the switch to the left is enable; to the right is disable.

5. Plug the AC Adapter, turn on the system, then press F2 while ThinkPad logo is begin displayed to enter the BIOS Utility.

If your customer forgot the password, enter System Security and set Power On Password setting to [None] to clear password.

6. Save, then exit from the BIOS Utility.

7. Power off.

8. Unplug the power cable or battery.

9. Move the switch from Disable to Enable.

To reinstall the password, the user must enter a password in the BIOS Utility.

Checkout Guide

The diagnostic tests are intended to test only IBM products. Non-IBM products, prototype cards, or modified options can give false errors and invalid system responses.

1. Obtain the failing symptoms in as much detail as possible.

2. Verify the symptoms by attempting to re-create the failure by running the diagnostic test or by repeating the same operation.

3. Use the following table with the verified symptom to determine which page to go to. Search the symptoms column and find the description that best matches your symptom; then go to the page shown in the "Go to" column.

Symptoms (Verified)	Go to
Power failure. (The power indicator does not go on or stay on.)	"Power System Checkout" on page .
POST does not complete. No beeps or error codes/ messages are indicated.	"Symptom-to-FRU Index" on page , then use the No-Beep Symptoms table on page .
POST detected an error and displayed numeric error code with error message.	"Symptom-to-FRU Index" on page .
Other symptoms (such as LCD display problems)	"Symptom-to-FRU Index" on page , then use the appropriate tables on pages 23 to .

Memory Checkout

DIMM	DIMM	Total Memory		DIMM	DIMM	Total Memory
0MB	0MB	0MB		16MB	16MB	32MB
8MB	0MB	8MB		32MB	0MB	32MB
0MB	8MB	8MB		0MB	32MB	32MB
8MB	8MB	16MB		32MB	8MB	40MB
16MB	0MB	16MB		8MB	32MB	40MB
0MB	16MB	16MB		32MB	16MB	48MB
16MB	8MB	24MB		16MB	32MB	48MB
8MB	16MB	24MB		32MB	32MB	64MB

This system cannot work without DIMM memory.

Memory errors might stop system operation, show error messages on the screen, or hang the system.

Use the following procedure to isolate memory problems:

Make sure that the DIMM is properly installed into the connector. A loose connection can cause an error.

1. Power off the computer and replace the DIMM.

2. Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

3. Select the Memory item to run the memory test.

If no error appears, install a new DIMM; if an error appears, replace the system board.

System Programs in Flash Memory: System setup programs are stored in flash memory.

Flash Memory Update: A flash memory update is required for the following conditions:

• New versions of system programs.
• New features or options are added.

Insert the System Program Service Diskette into drive A: and power-on the computer.

Select Update system programs from the menu.

System Board Checkout

Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

Run the System Board test to verify the symptom. This test verifies both the system board and the CPU.

If the tests detect a system board problem, replace the system board.

Don't touch the keyboard and pointing device when the system board test is running. This may cause an unexpected error.

Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout

If the internal keyboard does not work or an unexpected character appears, make sure that the flexible cable extending from the keyboard is correctly seated in the connector on the keyboard connection board on the system board.

If the tests do not detect a keyboard problem, run the Keyboard test by doing the following:

1. Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

2. Go to the diagnostic menu screen; select Keyboard test and press F2 in the test items.

3. Check that when each key is pressed, the key's position on the keyboard layout on the screen changes to a black square.

Press Y+Enter to close the test.

If the tests detect a keyboard problem, do the following one at a time to correct the problem. Do not replace a nondefective FRU.

• Ensure the keyboard switch is correctly set
• Reseat the keyboard flexible cables
• Replace the keyboard connection board
• Replace the keyboard assembly
• Replace the system board

• Numeric keypad
• Mouse (PS/2 compatible)
• Keyboard

Audio Board Checkout

Go to the diagnostic menu screen; select Audio test and press F2 in the test items.

If the test detects a audio board problem, do the following actions one at a time to correct the problem. Do not replace a nondefective FRU.

• Audio board
• System board

TrackPoint III Checkout

If a click button problem or pointing stick problem occurs, do the following:

1. Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

2. Go to the diagnostic Manual Test menu.

3. Press F2 in the test items.

4. Press the left and right click buttons.

5. Use the pointing slick to move the cursor to the 4 corners.

If either the pointing stick or the click button does not work, do the following actions one at a time to correct the problem. Do not replace a nondefective FRU.

• Reseat the keyboard flexible cables and the TrackPoint flexible cable.
• Reseat the flexible cable connecting the TrackPoint board via the system board.
• Replace the TrackPoint board (under the click buttons)
• Replace the keyboard
• Replace the system board

Diskette Drive Test

Make sure that the diskette does not have more than one label attached to it. Multiple labels can cause damage to the drive or can cause the drive to fail.

Do the following to select the test device:

1. Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

2. Go to the diagnostic Diskette Drive in the test items.

3. Press F2 in the test items

4. Follow the instructions in the message window.

If an error occurs with the internal diskette drive, reseat the connector on the system board.

If the error still remains:

Reseat the diskette drive cable

Replace the diskette drive cable

Replace the diskette drive flexible cable

Replace the system board.

If an error occurs when the external diskette drive is attached through the external diskette drive connector and there is no internal diskette drive, reseat the connector. If the error still remains, do the following action one at a time.

1. Replace the external FDD cable

2. Replace the diskette drive

3. Replace the system board

CD-ROM Drive Test

Do the following to select the test device:

1. Boot from the diagnostics diskette and start the PQA program (please refer to "Running PQA Diagnostics Program" on page ).

2. Go to the diagnostic CD-ROM in the test items.

3. Press F2 in the test items.

4. Follow the instructions in the message window.

If an error occurs, reseat the connector on the system board.

If the error still remains:

1. Reseat CD-ROM cable

2. Replace the CD-ROM drive.

3. Replace the system board.

Power Systems Checkout

1. Remove the battery pack, diskette drive, and hard disk drive.

2. Connect the AC Adapter and check that power is supplied.

3. Install the diskette drive or hard disk drive one at a time, and check that power is supplied from each power source.

If you suspect a power problem, see an appropriate power supply check listed below:

• Checking the AC Adapter
• Checking Operational Charging
• Checking the Battery Pack

• Power cord is not damaged.
• Power cord is securely connected to the AC Adapter and AC power outlet.

If the power on indicator of the AC Adapter is on, then proceed the next step.

Unplug the AC Adapter cable from the computer and measure the output voltage at the plug of the AC Adapter cable.

Pin	Voltage (V dc)
1	19.0 ~ 20.5
2	Ground

• Replace the system board.
• If the problem is still not corrected, go to "Undetermined Problems" on page .
• If the voltage is not correct, go to the next step.

4. Measure the output voltage of the AC Adapter.

5. If the voltage is still not correct, replace the AC Adapter.

An audible noise from the AC Adapter does not always indicate a defective adapter.

Checking Operational Charging: To check operational charging, use a discharged battery pack or a battery pack that has less than 50% of the total power remaining when installed in the computer.

Perform operational charging:

1. If the battery status indicator does not turn on, remove the battery pack and leave it to return to room temperature.

2. Reinstall the battery pack. If the charge indicator still does not turn on, replace the battery pack.

Checking the Battery Pack: Do the following:

2. Remove the battery pack and measure the voltage between battery terminals 1(+) and 6 (-). See the following figure:

Terminal	Voltage (V dc) / Signal
1	0 ~ 13
2	ID
3	Thermal
4	Data
5	Reserve
6	Ground

Signal lines, not used in these steps, are used for communication between the system and the battery.

3. If the voltage is less than +11.0 V dc, the battery pack has been discharged. Recharge the battery pack.

If the voltage is still less than +11.0 V dc after recharging, replace the battery.

If the voltage of the battery pack is 0 V, it is not defective.

BIOS Utility

The computer is also bundled with a Windows 95-based computer management utility similar in function with the BIOS Utility called the Notebook Manager.

The computer is already correctly configured for you. If you make any changes to the computer or you receive an Equipment Configuration Error message (error code 246) after you turn on the computer, you need to run the BIOS Utility.

The BIOS Utility has the following functions:

• Change the system date or time
• Set the power-saving modes and timers
• Set, change, or remove a system password
• Change the system boot drive or display device
• Add or remove serial and parallel devices
• Set the video display features

BIOS Utility

Basic System Settings System Security Power Management Settings Load Setup Default Settings

ʼ=Move highlight bar, �=Select, Esc=Exit

There are four main menu items:

• Basic System Settings
• System Security
• Power Management Settings
• Load Setup Default Settings

• From the main menu screen, press � or � to move from one menu item to another and press Enter to enter the selected menu.
• Parameters displayed in low brightness (grayed-out) are not user-configurable. The computer detects and sets the values for these parameters.
• Press � or � to move from one parameter to another. Press � or ® to change parameter settings. You have to change some settings when you add a component to the computer.
• Most of the parameters are self-explanatory.
• To exit a main menu item, press Esc.
• When you press Esc to exit the BIOS Utility from the main menu screen, the following prompt appears:

Power Management Features

Standby Mode: When in standby mode the following occurs:

• The LCD backlight turns off.
• The hard disk motor stops.

• Standby requested by the Fn key. (Fn+F7)
• The LCD is closed.
• The specified time (standby timer in the BIOS Utility) has elapsed from the last operation with the keyboard, mouse, hard disk drive, parallel connector, or diskette drive.
• The battery condition is low and hibernation is not enabled (when Sleep Manager is not installed and the hibernation file is not present or invalid). The battery power indicator blinks amber.

• The LCD is opened.
• The ring indicator (RI) is signaled by a serial or PCMCIA device.
• Any key or pointing device operation.

Hibernation Mode: When in hibernation mode the following occurs:

• The system status, RAM, VRAM, and setup data are stored on the hard disk.
• The system is powered off.

• Hibernation requested by the Fn key. (Fn+F8)
• The specified time (hibernation timer in the BIOS Utility) has elapsed from the last operation with the keyboard, mouse, hard disk drive, parallel connector, or diskette drive.
• A critical low battery condition occurs and hibernation is enabled (when Sleep Manager is installed and the hibernation file is present and valid).

• The power-on switch is operated.

Symptom-to-FRU Index

Perform the FRU replacement or actions in the sequence shown in the FRU/Action" columns. If a FRU did not solve the problem, put the original part back in the computer. Do not replace a non-defective FRU.

This index can also be used to help you decide which FRUs to have available when servicing a computer.

Numeric error codes show the errors detected in POST or system operation (runtime). In the following error codes, X can be any number.

If no codes are available, use narrative symptoms.

If the symptom is not listed, go to "Undetermined Problems" on page .

For any IBM device not supported by the diagnostic codes in this ThinkPad computer, see the manual for that device.

Numeric Error Codes and Messages

Error Code	Message	FRU/Action in Sequence
POST
010	Memory Error at MMMM: SSSS: OOOOh (R:xxxxh, W:xxxxh)	Go to " Memory Checkout" on page . DIMM System board
011	64KB System Management Memory Bad	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Setting, then reboot system. DIMM System board
015	Battery is Critical Low	Go to "Checking the Battery Pack" on page . Battery Battery connector board Charger board System board
020	Keyboard Interface Error Note: The message only appears for a few seconds.	Go to "Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout" on page . Ensure keyboard switch correctly set. Reseat the keyboard flexible cables. Replace the keyboard connection board. Replace the keyboard assembly. Replace the system board.
021	Keyboard Error or Keyboard Not Connected Note: The message only appears for a few seconds.	Go to "Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout" on page . Ensure keyboard switch correctly set. Reseat the keyboard flexible cables. Replace the keyboard connection board. Replace the keyboard assembly. Replace the system board.
022	Keyboard Locked Note: The message only appears for a few seconds.	Go to "Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout" on . Check your external keyboard lock in the keyboard back, if the keyboard has security feature.
030	Pointing Device Error Note: The message only appears for a few seconds.	Go to "Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout" on page . Ensure keyboard switch correctly setting for insetting keyboard. Reseat the keyboard flexible cables. Replace the keyboard connection board. Replace the keyboard assembly. Replace the system board.
031	Pointing Device Interface Error Note: The message only appears for a few seconds.	Go to "Keyboard and External Input Device Checkout" on page . Ensure keyboard switch correctly set. Reseat the keyboard flexible cables. Replace the keyboard connection board. Replace the keyboard assembly. Replace the system board.
040	Diskette Drive Controller Error	Go to "Diskette Drive Test" on page . Ensure the diskette drive configuration setting in BIOS Utility is correct. Diskette drive cable Diskette drive System board
045	CPU Clock Mismatch	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Setting, then reboot system. Ensure the CPU frequency switches are set correctly.
047	Diskette Drive(s) Disabled	Ensure the diskette drive is not set to [Disabled] in the "System Security" of BIOS Utility. Diskette drive cable Diskette drive
048	Diskette Write Protected	Ensure the diskette drive is not set to [Write Protect All Sectors] in the "System Security" of BIOS Utility. Diskette drive cable Diskette drive
050	IDE Drive 0 Error	Ensure the hard disk 0 is set to [Auto] in the Basic System Settings of BIOS Utility. Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board
054	IDE Drive(s) Disabled	Ensure the hard disk drive is not set to [Disabled] in the System Security of BIOS Utility. Diskette drive cable Diskette drive
055	Hard disk drive(s) Write Protected	Ensure the hard disk drive is not set to [Write protect Boot Sector] in the System Security of BIOS Utility. Hard disk connector board. Hard disk drive System board
056	IDE Drive 0 Auto Detection Failed	Ensure the hard disk 0 is set to [Auto] in the Basic System Settings of BIOS Utility. Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board
070	Real Time Clock Error	Reset Time in the Basic System Settings of BIOS Utility. Backup battery (RTC battery) System board
071	CMOS Battery Bad	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings Backup battery (RTC battery) System board
072	CMOS Checksum Error	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Backup battery (RTC battery) System board
081	System Resource Conflict	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Remove the non-factory-installed adapter card and reboot system.
082	IRQ Setting Error	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Remove the non-factory-installed adapter card and reboot system.
246	Equipment Configuration Error	Ensure the equipment (diskette drive, hard disk drive, keyboard, external mouse, etc.) are connected properly and are set correctly in BIOS Utility. Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board
System Operation (Runtime)
103	Press<Esc> to turn off NMI or other key to reboot	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Remove the non-factory-installed adapter card and reboot system.

Beep Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Insert system diskette and press <Enter> key to reboot	Ensure the "System boot drive" in the System Security of BIOS Utility is not set to [Drive A]. Ensure the diskette drive configuration setting in BIOS Utility is correct. Diskette drive Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board

No Beep Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
No beep, power-on indicator on, and a blank LCD not POST	Ensure every connector correctly Reseat the CPU CPU System board
No beep, power-on indicator not on, and a blank LCD during POST	Reseat the LCD Connectors Power source (battery & adapter). See " Power Systems Checkout" on page. Audio connector board Charger board Hard disk drive LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
No beep, power-on indicator on, and a blank LCD during POST.	Reseat the DIMM. Reseat the LCD Connectors. Hard disk/CD-ROM/diskette drive connectors Hard disk drive Keyboard LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
No beep, power-on indicator on, and a blinking cursor only during POST.	Reseat the LCD Connectors Reseat Hard disk/CD-ROM/ diskette drive connectors Hard disk drive LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
No beep during POST but system runs correctly.	System board Note: The buzzer is on the system board.

LCD-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
No beep, power-on indicator on, and a blank LCD during POST	Reseat the LCD Connectors. Hard disk connector board. Hard disk Keyboard LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
LCD backlight not working LCD too dark LCD brightness cannot be adjusted LCD contrast cannot be adjusted	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Reseat the LCD Connectors. Keyboard (if control is from the keyboard). LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
LCD screen unreadable Characters missing pels Screen abnormal Wrong color displayed	Reseat all LCD Connectors. LCD inverter ID LCD FPC Cable LCD inverter LCD System board
LCD has extra horizontal or vertical lines displayed.	LCD LCD inverter ID LCD inverter System board

Keyboard/TrackPoint-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Keyboard (one or more keys) does not work.	Go to " Keyboard and external Input Device Checkout' on page . Reseat the three keyboard cables. Keyboard System board
TrackPoint does not work.	Go to "TrackPoint III Checkout" on page . Reseat TrackPoint cables. Reseat the three keyboard cables. TrackPoint board Keyboard System board

Indicator-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Indicator incorrectly remains off or on, but system runs correctly	Reseat the Audio connector board. Audio connector board System board

Power-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Power shuts down during operation.	Go to "Power System Checkout" on page . AC Adapter Battery Pack Battery connector board Charger board System board
The system will not power-on.	Go to "Power System Checkout" on page . AC Adapter Charger board System board
The system will not power-off.	Go to "Power System Checkout" on page . Press the power shutdown switch for more than 3 seconds. Charger board System board
Battery can't be charged.	Go to "Power System Checkout" on page . Battery Charger board System board

PC Card (PCMCIA) -Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
System cannot detect the PC Card (PCMCIA)	PC Card (PCMCIA) slots assembly System board
PCMCIA slot pin is damaged.	PC Card (PCMCIA) slots assembly

Memory-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Memory count (size) appears different from actual size.	Go to " Memory Checkout" on page. Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. DIMM System board

Speaker-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
Speakers have noise or no sound comes from system	Chassis (Speak on chassis) Audio connector board System board

Power Management-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
The system will not enter hibernation.	Go to "Hibernation Mode" on page and see the note. Ensure the "System Hibernation Timer" in the Power Management Settings of BIOS Utility is not set to [OFF]. Boot an operating system and press Fn+F8 and see if the computer enters hibernation mode. Keyboard connector board Keyboard Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board
The system will not wake up from hibernation.	Keyboard connector board Keyboard Hard disk connector board Hard disk drive System board
The system will not enter standby after closing the LCD.	Ensure the "System Standby Timer" in the Power Management Settings of BIOS Utility is not set to [OFF]. Chassis (LCD cover switch on chassis) System board
The system will not resume after opening the LCD.	Chassis (LCD cover switch on chassis) System board
Battery fuel gauge does not go higher than 90%.	Remove battery pack and let it cool for 2 hours. Refresh battery (continue use battery until power off, then charge battery). Battery Charger board System board
System configuration does not match the installed devices.	Enter BIOS Utility to execute Load Setup Default Settings, then reboot system. Reseat Hard disk/diskette/CD-ROM drive connector.
System hangs intermittently.	Hard disk/diskette/CD-ROM drive connector Fan (go to "Running Fan Diagnostics Program" on page ). System board
In DOS or Windows, multimedia programs, no sound comes from the computer. (Only system beeps are heard at power-on)	Go to "Audio Board Checkout" on page . Audio connector board Chassis (speaker on chassis) System board

Peripheral-Device-Related Symptoms

Symptom/Error	FRU/Action in Sequence
External display does not work correctly.	BOTH display mode, press Fn+F3. System board
Printer problems.	Run printer self-test. Printer driver Printer cable Ensure the "On Board Communication Ports" in the System Security of BIOS Utility is correct. System Board
Serial or parallel port device problems.	Device driver Device cable Device Ensure the "On Board Communication Ports" in the System Security of BIOS Utility is correct. System board

Intermittent Problems

When analyzing the intermittent problem, do the following:

1. Run the diagnostic test for system board at least 10 times.

2. If no error is detected, do not replace any FRUs.

3. If any error is detected, replace the FRU. Rerun the test to verify that there are no more errors.

Undetermined Problems

Verify that the power supply being used at the time of the failure is operating correctly.

1. Power-off the computer.

2. Check the cables, wires, and connectors for short circuits and open circuits. Visually check them for damage. If any problems are found, replace the FRU.

3. Remove or disconnect all of the following devices:

• Non-IBM devices
• Printer, external mouse & keyboard, and other external devices
• Battery pack
• Hard disk drive
• Diskette drive/CD-ROM drive
• PC Card(PCMCIA)

6. If the problem does not occur again, reconnect the removed devices one at a time until you find the failing FRU.

7. If the problem remains, replace the following FRUs one at a time. Do not replace a nondefective FRU.

• Keyboard Connector Board
• Charger Board
• Audio Connector Board
• LCD Assembly
• System Board

Related Service Procedures

• "Status Indicators"
• "Power Switch"
• "How to Run the Diagnostics" on page .
• "Fn Key Combinations" on page .

Status Indicators

Symbol	Color	Meaning
Battery	Green	Enough battery power remains for operation.
	Orange	The battery pack is being charged.
	Blinking orange	The battery pack needs charging. When the lamp starts blinking orange, the computer beeps four times.
Hard disk or CD-ROM in use	Orange	Appears when data is read from or written to the hard disk or read from the CD-ROM. Do not enter hibernation mode or turn off the computer when this indicator is on.
Numeric lock	Green	Indicates that the numeric keypad on the keyboard is enabled. The keypad is enabled and disabled by pressing and holding the Shift key, and pressing the NumLk key.
Caps lock	Green	Indicates that the Caps Lock mode is enabled. All alphabetic characters (A-Z) are entered in capital letters without using the Shift key. The Caps Lock mode is enabled and disabled by pressing the Caps Lock key.
Scroll lock	Green	Alternately turns on and off each time the ScrLk key is pressed. While this indicator is on, the Arrow keys are used as screen-scroll function keys. In this state, the cursor cannot be moved with the Arrow keys. Not all application programs support this function.
Power on	Green	Indicates that the computer is operational. This indicator is on when the computer is on.

Power Switch

Diagnostic Program Disk

• PQA Diagnostic Program
• Fan Diagnostic Program

Running PQA Diagnostics Program

Before using PCMCIA Diagnostic in PQA Diagnostic Program, press F2 while the ThinkPad logo is being displayed after power-on to enter the BIOS Utility. Select "System Security" and set enabled for "CardBus Support" by pressing the ® key.

Some test items are tool-required below,
FDD: Erasable 2HD diskette
Parallel: Wrap plug (P/N: 72X8546)
Serial: Wrap plug (P/N: 72X8546)
PCMCIA: PC test card (P/N 35G4703)
CD-ROM: Any data and audio CDs
ThinkPad 310 Diagnostics Diskette
(P/N: 05L1769)
ThinkPad 310 Maintenance Utility Diskette (P/N: 05L1770)

Boot from the Diagnostic Program Disk and select PQA System Diagnostics Program from PC DOS 7.0 Startup Menu, the PQA main menu appears on screen.

Press ® or � to move around the main menu. Press Enter to enable the selected option. The main options are Diag, Result, SysInfo, Option and Exit.

The Diag option lets you select testing items and times.

The following screen appears when you select Diag from the main menu.

This screen allows you to specify the number of tests to perform. The options are as follows:

• Manual Test Performs a single test and MANUAL checks the selected test items in sequence.
• Auto Test Performs multiple tests of the selected items and AUTO check the select test items in sequence.

Specify the desired number of tests and press Enter.

After you specify the number of tests to perform, the screen shows a list of test items (see below).

Press � or � to move the highlight bar from one item to another. Press Space to enable or disable the item. The > mark indicates that there are available suboptions. Press Enter to view the available suboptions of each selected item. Press Esc to close the submenu.

The right corner screen information gives you the available function keys and the specified test number.

• Space Enables/disables the item
• Esc Exits the program
• F1 Help
• F2 Tests the selected item(s)
• Enter Opens the available suboptions
• Test Times Indicates the number of tests to perform.

PC Test Card LED

PQA Diagnostic Program Error Codes and Messages

Error Code	Message	FRU/Action in Sequence
System
16XX	RTC(Backup battery error	Backup battery
1XXX	CPU or System board error	Reload BIOS default setting. CPU System board
2XXX	Memory error	Reseat CPU DIMM System board
3XXX	Keyboard error	Reseat Keyboard Keyboard System board
4XXX	Video error	System board
5XXX	Parallel Port error	System board
6XXX	Serial port or system board error	System board
7XXX	Diskette drive error	Diskette drive System board
8XXX	Hard disk error	Load BIOS Default Setting Hard disk connector board Hard disk
9XXX	CD-ROM error	Reseat CD-ROM cable CD-ROM drive System board
10XXX	CPU or System board error	CPU System board
11XXX	Pointing device error	TrackPoint board FPC cable TrackPoint board Keyboard System board
PCMCIA X XXXX	PCMCIA error	Replace a new PC Test Card PCMCIA slots assembly System board

Running Fan Diagnostics Program

Systems experiencing frequent auto sensor shutdown may need to reset the thermal sensor threshold (refer to "Setting Thermal Sensor Threshold" on page ) and execute the fan test to ensure the cooling fan is operating normally.

Follow the steps below to use Fan Diagnostics Program:

Boot from the Diagnostic Program Disk

Select Fan Diagnostics from PC DOS 7.0 Startup Menu

Follow the instruction on screen to execute fan diagnostics.

If test failed, try reseating the fan connector or replacing the fan.

Utility Program Disk

Setting Thermal Sensor Threshold

Systems experiencing frequent auto sensor shutdown may need to reset the thermal sensor threshold and execute the fan test to ensure the normal operation of the cooling fan (refer to "Running Fan Diagnostics Program" on page ).

Follow the steps below to set thermal threshold:

Boot from the Utility Program Disk.

Select Thermal Sensor Utility from PC DOS 7.0 Startup Menu, then the system thermal is executed.

Setting Inverter ID

Follow the steps below to set the LCD Inverter ID:

Boot from the Utility Program Disk

Select Inverter ID Utility from PC DOS 7.0 Startup Menu

Follow the instruction on screen to read current or to set new inverter ID code.

When you set a new inverter ID and the new LCD is not yet enabled (to function), so connect an external CRT to see the program execution process.

Make sure the new ID code you choose corresponds with the LCD brand and type. If you write a wrong ID into inverter, just reboot and re-execute the program and input the correct ID code.

Restart computer

If LCD cannot display after changing ID code, make sure you write the correct ID code, or try reseating the LCD FPC cable connectors.

Fn Key Combinations

The Fn key works independently from the operating system. The operating system obtains the status through the system management interface to control the system.

Fn +	Description
F1	Hotkey help
F2	Brightness/Contrast control
F3	LCD/CRT/Both display switching
F4	Fuel-Gauge display ON/OFF
F5	Audio volume control
F6	Power Management Settings and System Information screens
F7	Standby invocation
F8	Hibernation invocation
Right arrow	Scale increase (used with Fn+F2, Fn+F5)
Left arrow	Scale decrease (used with Fn+F2, Fn+F5)
Esc	Hotkey Icon Escape

Product Overview

Feature	Description
Processor	310/310D Intel** Pentium** processor 133 MHz 310E/310ED Intel** Pentium** processor with MMX** technology (133/150 MHz)
Bus architecture	PCI 5V
DIMM	8MB, 16MB, or 32MB DIMM card, maximum 64MB (144-pin EDO)
CMOS RAM	256KB
SVGA Video	11.3-inch, 65,536 colors, 800x600 pixel TFT color LCD 11.3-inch, 256 colors, 800x600 pixel DSTN color LCD 12.1-inch, 256-colors, 800x600 pixel DSTN color LCD
Audio	Yamaha Sound Chip Internal speakers
Diskette drive	1.44MB (3-mode), 3.5-inch
Hard disk drive	310/310D 1.0GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface 310E/310ED 1.62GB, 2.5-inch, IDE interface
CD-ROM drive	5.25-inch, X10 speed, IDE interface
PCMCIA** Cards	One Type III or two Type II CardBus, ZV Port

FRU Removals and Replacements

• Do not damage any parts. Only certified and trained personnel should service the computer.
• The arrows in this section show the direction of movement to remove a FRU, or to turn a screw to release the FRU. The arrows are marked in numeric order, in square callouts, to show the correct sequence of removal.
• Any FRUs that must be removed before remove the failing FRU are listed at the top of the page.
• To replace a FRU, reverse the removal procedure and follow any notes that pertain to replacement. See "Locations" on page 68 for internal cable connections and arrangement information.
• When replacing a FRU, use the correct screw size, as shown in the procedure.

Before the computer is powered-on after FRU replacement, make sure all screws, springs, or other small parts, are in place and are not left loose inside the computer. Verify this by shaking the computer and listening for ratting sounds. Metallic parts or metal flakes can cause electrical short circuits.

The system board is sensitive to, and can be damaged by electronic discharge. Establish personal grounding by touching a ground point with one hand before touching these units. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) strap must be used to establish personal grounding.

Before FRU Removals and Replacements

Screw Type Example Explanation

Illustration	Size	Head & Color
	M2 x 4L	Flat head, black or silver
	M2 x 6L	Pan head, black or silver
	M3 x 6L	Bind head, black or silver

Some screws have nylock paste (on the grooves) for better friction and increased stability.

Some screws have bracket supports.

FPC Cable Connector Type

Unplugging the Cable

Plugging the Cable

1 I/O Door

Remove the center latch; then remove the rear connector door by flexing it.

2 Battery Pack and Battery Pack Door

Reverse the steps above to install a battery pack.

3 Hard Disk Drive and Hard Disk Drive Door

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 6L (1)	Flat head, black
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

Reverse the steps above to install a hard disk drive.

Do not drop or apply any shock to the hard disk drive. The hard disk drive is sensitive to physical shock. Incorrect handling can cause damage and permanent loss of data on the hard disk. Before removing the hard disk drive, have the user make a backup copy of all the information on the hard disk. Never remove the hard disk drive while the system is operating or is in hibernation mode.

4 DIMM and DIMM Door

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 5L (1)	Bind head, black
Note: The screw does not separate from the DIMM cover.

When installing the DIMM, do the following:

Find the notch on the side of the DIMM.

With the notched end of the DIMM toward the right side of the socket, insert the DIMM, at an angle of approximately 20�, into the socket; then press it firmly.

Pivot the DIMM until it snaps into place.

Side View

5 Hinge Cover

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 4L (4)	Flat head, black
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

6 Keyboard

• Hinge Covers (5)

Hold down the keyboard connection board when pulling out the cables, so as not to damage the cables.

The orientation of the center lock connector is different (opposite) from the left and right lock connectors. Unlock this connector from the bottom, as shown in the figure.

7 Thermal plate / CPU

• Hinge Covers (5)
• Keyboard Unit (6)

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 18L (4)	Pan head, silver
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

Installing CPU

Pull out the CPU; then insert the replacement CPU. Insure the CPU is properly keyed before pressing it into the socket.

Insert a flat-blade screwdriver into the opening at the right end of the socket and push towards the other end of the socket.

A sponge pad is found underneath the CPU. When installing a replacement CPU, make sure the sponge pack is in place. If you need to replace the sponge pack, it is part of the mylar pack FRU.

8 Diskette Drive/CD-ROM Drive

• Hinge Covers (5)
• Keyboard Unit (6)
• Thermal plate / CPU (7)

When removing the module locks, pull them up at an angle. They cannot be removed when pulled straight up.

Diskette Drive (Model Unique)

CD-ROM Drive (Model Unique)

Caution: Do not push the top surface of the CD-ROM drive.

9 LCD Removal and Replacement

• Hinge Covers (5)

9-1 LCD Display Module

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 5L (2)	Pan head, Yellow Zn
	M2.5 x 8L (4)	Pan head, silver	w/ nylock paste
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

9-2 LCD Bezel

Be careful not to scratch the LCD cover when removing the screw covers.

The LCD cover has several latches. Release these latches; then remove the LCD cover. Be careful not to break the latches.

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 6L (3)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

9-3 LCD, LCD Cover, LCD FPC Cable,
LCD Left Hinge, and Inverter

For DSTN LCDs, a tape is used to secure the LCD FPC cable after it is connected to the LCD. This tape is a special tape with safety characteristics, and is part of the Mylar FRU.

Removing Procedures:

Remove LCD: ®®
Remove Inverter: ®®®®
Remove Left Hinge: ®
Remove LCD FPC cable: ®®®®®®

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M3 x 6L (4)	Bind head, silver
	M2 x 3L (2)	Pan head, silver
	M2.5 x 6L (2)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

9-4 LCD Right Hinge and LCD Diaper

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 6L (2)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10 Inside Assembly

• Hinge Covers (5)
• Keyboard Unit (6)
• LCD Unit (9)
• Thermal plate and CPU (7)

10-1 Upper Base

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 18L (3)	Pan head, silver
	M2.5 x 6L (4)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
	M2 x 4L (1)	Flat head, black
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-1A TrackPoint Board, TrackPoint Button and
TrackPoint Board FPC Cable

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, silver
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-1B Fan

The tape used to secure the fan is not ordinary tape, but a special tape with safety characteristics. This tape is part of the Mylar FRU.

If you need to replace the fan, besides the new fan, you need to get from the Mylar FRU the following: the tape mentioned above, two sponge strips to stick on the sides of the fan, and a double-sided adhesive tape to attach on the underside of the fan. Refer to the old fan.

The fan cable should follow the path shown in the figure. If the cable gets pressed or weighed down and is damaged, the chassis may get short-circuited.

When removing the fan, do not tilt the fan too much to any one side. The post that steadies the fan is delicate and will break if too much pressure is exerted on it. Take care in removing the fan, it should be done as vertically as possible.

10-1C Audio Connector Board

Take care in removing the audio connection board (see figure) to avoid damaging the LEDs.

10-1D Battery Connector Board

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 6L (2)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-1E Speaker and Cover Switch Cables

10-2 Lower Base

If you want to remove the chassis with system board out of the lower base, the PCMCIA slots buttons should be upright then pushed in (®) before you begin this removal procedure.

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2.5 x 6L (2)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, silver
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-2A PCMCIA Door and PCMCIA Door Spring

10-2B Charger Board

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, silver
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-3 System Board

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, silver
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, black	w/ nylock paste
	M2 x 4L (2)	Pan head, silver	w/ brackets
	M2 x 4L (1)	Pan head, silver
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.

10-3A Backup Battery

The backup battery is a lithium battery and can cause a fire, explosion, or severe burns. Do not charge it, heat it higher than 100�C (212�F), incinerate it, or expose its cell contents to water. Dispose of the battery as required by local ordinances or regulations. Use of an incorrect battery can result in ignition or explosion of the battery. Replacement batteries can be ordered from IBM or IBM authorized dealers.

10-3B Keyboard Connector Board

10-3C PCMCIA Slot Assembly

Step	Size (Quantity)	Head & Color	Memo
	M2 x 14L (2)	Pan head, silver	w/ brackets
Note: Make sure you use the correct screw when replacing.